On the parameterization of turbulent fluxes over the tropical Eastern Pacific

We present estimates of turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum derived from low level (~30 m) aircraft measurements over the tropical Eastern Pacific and provide empirical relationships that are valid under high wind speed conditions (up to 25 ms^&minus;1). The estimates of total momentum flux and turbulent kinetic energy can be represented very accurately (<I>r</I>²=0.99, when data are binned every 1 ms^&minus;1) by empirical fits with a linear and a cubic terms of the average horizontal wind speed. The latent heat flux shows a strong quadratic dependence on the horizontal wind speed and a linear relationship with the difference between the air specific humidity and the saturated specific humidity at the sea surface, explaining 96% of the variance. The estimated values were used to evaluate the performance of three currently used parameterizations of turbulence fluxes, varying in complexity and computational requirements. The comparisons with the two more complex parameterizations show good agreement between the observed and parameterized latent heat fluxes, with less agreement in the sensible heat fluxes, and one of them largely overestimating the momentum fluxes. A third, very simple parameterization shows a surprisingly good agreement of the sensible heat flux, while momentum fluxes are again overestimated and a poor agreement was observed for the latent heat flux (<I>r</I>²=0.62). The performance of all three parameterizations deteriorates significantly in the high wind speed regime (above 10&ndash;15 ms^&minus;1). The dataset obtained over the tropical Eastern Pacific allows us to derive empirical functions for the turbulent fluxes that are applicable from 1 to 25 ms^&minus;1, which can be introduced in meteorological models under high wind conditions

First insights on Lake General Carrera/Buenos Aires/Chelenko water balance

Lago General Carrera (Chile) also called Lago Buenos Aires (Argentina) or originally Chelenko by the native habitants of the region is located in Patagonia on the Chilean-Argentinean border. It is the largest lake in Chile with a surface area of 1850 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. The lake is of glacial/tectonic origin and surrounded by the Andes mountain range. The lake drains primarily to the Pacific Ocean to the west, through the Baker River (one of Chile's largest rivers), and intermittently eastward to the Atlantic Ocean. We report ongoing results from an investigation of the seasonal hydrological cycle of the lake basin. The contribution by river input through snowmelt from the Andes is of primary importance, though the lack of water input by ungaged rivers is also critical. We present the main variables involved in the water balance of Lake General Carrera/Buenos Aires/Chelenko, such as influent and effluent river flows, precipitation, and evaporation, all this based mostly in in-situ information

Evaluation of Analytical Methods to Study Aquifer Properties with Pumping Test in Deccan Basalt Region of the Morna River Basin in Akola District of Maharashtra in India

Fifteen pumping tests were performed in the Deccan basalt region of the Morna river basin in Akola district of Maharashtra in India. It is an artesian well as it is in the discharge zone of this coastal aquifer. Transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S) must be considered as aquifer parameters and used in groundwater recharge analysis. During the analysis of time-drawdown, the graphs were developed using pumping test methods and most of the pumps’ water initially comes from the well storage. Analysis of the well in tapping aquifer in Deccan basalt shows the existing relationship between porosity and specific yield. All of the aquifer testing methods have suggested ground recharge structures such as open well, bore well, and reservoir in hard rock terrains. The data and information are very helpful for hydraulic conditions, aquifer zones, and open wells development and management. The aquifer’s parameters are identified as important factors for groundwater resources evaluation, numerical simulation, development and protection as well as scientific management. The results are optimized, hence these aquifer parameters are important for scientific planning and engineering practices

Nominal Exchange Rate in Chile: Predictions based on technical analysis

This work presents a review of the main indicators used in the technical analysis of the peso-dollar parity. We explain the usual interpretations of these indicators and we also explore the ability that the Relative Strength Index (RSI) may have to predict exchange rate returns at daily frequency. The predictive exercises are carried out using both in-sample and out-of-sample analyses. Our results show a robust ability of the RSI to predict nominal exchange rate returns for horizons under seven weeks.

Gamma Radiation Doses Effects on Mechanical Properties and Microwave Absorption Capacity of Rubber Doped Concrete

The main raw material for the construction industry is concrete; whose fundamental components are the fine and coarse aggregates, water and cement. For the obtaining of these materials are necessary activities that generate environmental deterioration, since the aggregates are extracted from quarries or river banks and for each ton made of cement is emitted into the atmosphere a great lot of carbon dioxide. In this way, the present work is developed with the purpose of contributing to the research that can help the conservation of basic natural resources through the use of waste polymers such as waste tire rubber, in the production of concrete, hoping to reduce its harmful environmental impact. This work focuses on the one hand, in the study of the effects of the incorporation to the concrete, of different proportions of scratched rubber coming from waste tires, on its mechanical properties and on its capacity for microwaves absorption. On the other hand, it is also studied the effect of aging by applying different doses of gamma radiation on the before mentioned properties, seeking with this the possibility that it can be used in the construction industry either as structural material or as a coating. Replacements were made between 5% and 25% of rubber in order to do not significantly affecting the mechanical properties of the concrete. The results of the mechanical and microwave tests performed on the different samples with different gamma radiation doses were compared and it was found that open the possibility of research with great benefits such as the use of waste tires in the designing of concrete mixtures and the improvement of its properties. It is considered important to point out the economic benefit in the context of sustainable development, which involves solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste tires, to achieve the welfare of the population by improving their quality of life

Has cupper ion any effect on Sinorhizobium Melitoili bacteria?

Proceedings of the I Congress PIIISA celebrado en la Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Granada, el 26 de abril de 2012.Sinorhizobium meliloti is a soil bacterium that in symbiosis with Alfalfa leguminous plants fixes N2 to ammonia. This process occurs after an intimate communication between host and microsimbiont in the rhizosphere niche. This soil bacterium may suffer biotic and abiotic stresses in this complex environment. Resistance to any of this stresses can be an advantage for this type of bacteria. In this work we test the effects of Cupper ion in the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. We found an effect on pigmentation and this effect is specific of each isolate (i.e. it is very pronounced for the isolate AK83 from Aral sea in Russia). On the other hand, comparison of Cupper ion resistance phenotype between isolates 1021 and GR4 suggests that the resistance of GR4 could be due to a set of 10 genes found in the cryptic plasmid pRmeGR4a of this strain. However, this resistance phenotype also appears in other isolates, and it could be explained by an alternative phenotype as Exopolysaccaride production (EPS+).It was supported mainly by research project MICINN Consolider‐Ingenio 2010. CSD2009‐00006; Scientific research by Young Students in Science (PIIISA2012; http://emc2astronomy.blogspot.com/).Peer reviewe

Polyphenolic composition of Lantana camara and Lippia chevalieri, and their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

In the present study, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of two Verbenaceae (Lantana camara L. and Lippia chevalieri Moldenke: aerial part) were investigated. Their polyphenolic composition in the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were characterized by HPLC-DAD. The antioxidant capability of the methanolic extracts was assessed by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and the scavenging activity of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of the methanolic extracts (25 µg mL-1), and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) (12.5 µg mL-1) against 13 pathogenic bacteria and four serotyped bacteria from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) were also determined by the agar-well diffusion method. The results indicated that the L. chevalieri extracts are rich in phenolic compounds (among the 27 polyphenolic compounds detected, 20 belong to L. chevalieri) and showed the highest antioxidant activities, simultaneously on iron (III) to iron (II)-reducing activity and the radical scavenging activity. However, L. camara displayed the best and the broadest antimicrobial spectrum, especially on Shigella flexneri and Pantoea sp. (two Gram-negative strains of bacteria). The nature of polyphenolics compounds detected (phenol acid and flavone) in the L. camara can justify this activity.Key words: Verbenaceae, HPLC-DAD, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, polyphenolic compound

Uso de micelas inversas en la síntesis de nanopartículas electroactivas en celdas de ión litio

II Encuentro sobre nanociencia y nanotecnología de investigadores y tecnólogos de la Universidad de Córdoba. NANOUC

Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridyl phosphines reflecting the influence of phosphorus lone pair orientation on spectroscopic properties

A series of new triazolopyridine-based phosphines has been prepared. These compounds revealed unexpected spectroscopic patterns. In particular, the NMR spectra are highly dependent on the relative conformational preference of the phosphine substituent at C7. Here, we report on their complete NMR analysis, X-ray structures and DFT calculations that confirm the particular arrangement of the phosphorus lone pair orbital related to the substituent pattern of the chosen phosphine. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Peer Reviewe